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The basic objective of concrete mix design is to find the most
economical proportions (Optimization) to achieve the desired end results
(strength, cohesion, workability, durability, As mentioned earlier the
proportioning of concrete is based on certain material properties of
cement, sand and aggregates. Concrete mix design is basically a process
of taking trials with certain proportions. Methods have been developed
to arrive at these proportions in a scientific manner. No mix
design method directly gives the exact proportions that will most
economically achieve end results. These methods only serve as a base to
start and achieve the end results in the fewest possible trials.
The code of practice for mix design-IS 10262 clearly states following: -
The basic assumption made in mix design is that the compressive
strength of workable concretes, by and large, governed by the
water/cement ratio. Another most convenient relationship applicable to
normal concrete is that for a given type, shape, size and grading of
aggregates, the amount of water determines its workability. However,
there are various other factors which affect the properties of concrete,
for example the quality & quantity of cement, water and aggregates;
batching; transportation; placing; compaction; curing; etc. Therefore,
the specific relationships that are used in proportioning concrete mixes
should be considered only as the basis for trial, subject to
modifications in the light of experience as well as for the particular
materials used at the site in each case.
Different mix design methods help us to arrive at the trial mix that
will give us required strength, workability, cohesion etc. These mix
design methods have same common threads in arriving at proportions but
their method of calculation is different. Basic steps in mix design are
as follows:
a. Find the target mean strength.
b. Determine the curve of cement based on its strength.
c. Determine water/cement ratio.
d. Determine cement content.
e. Determine fine and coarse aggregate proportions
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